What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is a progressive condition that affects the tissues surrounding your teeth, usually caused by bacteria in the mouth that infects the tissue. During the earliest stage of gum disease (gingivitis), your gums may become red and swollen and bleed easily. If not treated early, plaque will begin to turn into calculus and gum disease will progress to the next stage, called periodontitis. In this stage of the disease, symptoms increase in severity and may include receding gums, loss of bone, chronic halitosis, and even the loss of teeth.

Gum disease is very common and one of the leading causes of tooth loss. In the early stage of gum disease, a deep cleaning or scale and root planing procedure may be performed to halt or reverse the issue. A scale and root planing procedure addresses gum disease by removing plaque that has mineralized below your gum line and on the surfaces of your teeth using special dental instruments. Once removed, the surfaces of the tooth and roots are smoothed or planed, which inhibits the ability of new bacteria to grow, and gives your gums time to heal. In many cases, a scale and root planing procedure followed by improved self-care and frequent oral checkups will be sufficient in halting or reversing the effects of gum disease, but in more severe cases, additional procedures like a gum graft, tooth extraction, and/or dental implant may be necessary

Risk Factors

Gum disease can happen to anyone, even those who practice perfect oral hygiene, eat healthy, and schedule regular dental exams, although doing these things does significantly decrease your risk of developing gum disease. Aside from poor oral hygiene and an unhealthy diet, other factors that increase an individuals’ risk of developing gum disease include:

• Genetic predisposition
• Malocclusion
• Systemic diseases (diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease)
• Certain medications
• Bruxism
• Stress
• Pregnancy
• Age

While it is important to schedule regular examinations at least every six months, it is especially important for individuals who fall under any of these higher risk groups. Individuals in this high-risk group are also strongly encouraged to practice good oral hygiene and schedule regular oral checkups at least every six months. Following good oral hygiene habits means brushing your teeth twice daily and flossing at least once a day. It also means following a healthy diet and avoiding or limiting sugary foods and beverages or starchy foods.

Additional steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing gum disease include using a soft-bristle toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, and if you are at an increased risk of developing gum disease, scheduling regular examinations with greater frequency. Although no one wants to have gum disease, it is important to be aware of common signs that may indicate an underlying issue and address those issues as quickly as possible. Provided you follow these best practices, you will lower your risk of developing gum disease and continue to enjoy a bright, healthy smile.

More on Gum Disease : Symptoms of Gum Disease